Which of the following cranial nerves have a major spinal nerve component?
a. 5
b. 7
c. 11
d. 12
Ans: c. 11
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Which of the following is an ascending pathway in the spinal cord?
A. lateral spinothalamic tract B. rubrospinal tract C. lateral corticospinal tract D. tectospinal tract E. anterior corticospinal tract
The kidneys make the final enzyme for synthesis of the hormone _________, which causes increased calcium absorption in the small intestine
Fill in the blank with correct word.
A G protein is
A. a molecule that binds a guanine nucleotide and helps transduce a signal inside a target cell. B. a type of water-soluble hormone. C. a second messenger activated by a steroid hormone. D. an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP. E. a receptor for a water-soluble hormone that causes arachidonic acid to be extracted from a phospholipid.
A 52-year-old woman presents with severe upper right quad- rant abdominal pain. She is jaundiced, obese, and has a history of gallstones. Further examination indicates acute cholecystitis, and she undergoes an open abdominal cholecystectomy (removal of gall bladder). During the surgery, the doctor inserts her index finger into the omental (epiploic) foramen to palpate the structures in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Which of the following structures lies immediately posterior to her finger?
(A) Bile duct (B) Liver (C) Inferior vena cava (IVC) (D) Abdominal aorta (E) Head of the pancreas