Antonio thinks he has a problem with alcohol, Dee Dee thinks he has a problem with drugs, and Gustavo thinks he has a problem with gambling. What would they each need to know in order to determine whether their behaviors are pathological?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- People certainly drink, take prescription and nonprescription drugs, and gamble, but like personality, these behaviors exist on a continuum from normal to pathological.
- Addiction to alcohol and to drugs can be seen as tolerance develops (i.e., it takes more of a substance to produce the same effects) or withdrawal symptoms are present after suspending ingestion of the substance.
- Gambling addiction occurs when a person's gambling habits result in major life problems, such as foreclosure on a home, losing one's job, or being arrested. The DSM-5 uses nine specific criteria for diagnosis.
- Antonio and Dee Dee should also know that alcohol and drug addiction share a personality profile: high neuroticism, low extraversion, low conscientiousness, and low agreeableness.
- Gustavo should be told that gambling disorder is characterized by high neuroticism and low conscientiousness.
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