What are primary and secondary aging? How do they differ?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Experts distinguish between primary aging (another term for biological aging), or genetically influenced declines that affect all members of our species and take place even in the context of overall good health, and secondary aging, declines due to hereditary defects and negative environmental influences, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, disease, substance abuse, environmental pollution, and psychological stress. While physical and mental disabilities of late adulthood are strongly related to age, they are not entirely caused by aging. It is difficult to distinguish primary from secondary aging. Although primary aging contributes to frailty—wasted muscle mass and strength, unintentional weight loss, severe mobility problems, self-reported exhaustion, slow walking speed, low physical activity, and perhaps cognitive impairment—secondary aging plays a larger role, through genetic disorders, unhealthy lifestyle (including obesity and sedentary behavior), and chronic disease.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of alcoholism?
A. addiction to alcohol B. facial flushing C. dependency on alcohol D. continued use of alcohol despite problems
After learning strengthens one set of synapses, other synapses ____
a. weaken b. die c. get stronger d. become aroused
Paivio (1963) proposed the conceptual peg hypothesis. His work suggests which of the following would be most difficult to remember?
A. Baseball B. America C. Apple pie D. Freedom
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. "The central nucleus of the amygdala is critical for emotional conditioning. " 2. "The amygdala is responsible for producing both the physiological and behavioural changes associated with fear conditioning. " 3. "If connections between the amygdala and midbrain are severed, the physiological changes associated with fear conditioning will not occur. " 4. "If connections between the amygdala and hypothalamus are severed, the physiological changes associated with fear conditioning will not occur. " 5. "If connections between the amygdala and hypothalamus are severed, the behavioural changes associated with fear conditioning will not occur. "