In testing Adler's birth order thesis, Hudson found that:
a. middle-borns were overrepresented among world leaders, whereas first-borns were underrepresented
b. first-borns were overrepresented among world leaders, whereas middle- and last-borns were underrepresented
c. female first-borns were overrepresented among world leaders, whereas male first-borns were underrepresented
d. middle- and last-borns were as likely to world leaders as first-borns
b
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Chad was white, and he understood that he would always be white. This realization is an example of
a. racial bias. b. implicit prejudice. c. explicit prejudice. d. racial constancy.
There is some evidence that 2.5- and 3-year-old children can pass standard false-belief tasks, but only when the measures used are
a. implicit. c. available to conscious awareness. b. explicit. d. verbalizable.
Some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks do not emerge spontaneously but, rather, are
A) heavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions. B) primarily developed through interaction with more expert peers. C) part of a slow but steady stagewise transition to logical thought. D) influenced by biological age and are mastered all at once.
Whenever the repeated-measures design is used
a. the same subjects are used as their own controls b. there should be a positive correlation between the pre and post scores c. the researcher is using the post-facto method d. both a and b, but not c