Translate each of the following sentences into one of the four categorical forms (universal affirmative, universal negative, particular affirmative, particular negative). Make sure that the descriptions of the two categories are nouns or noun phrases (rather than adjectives or verbs).
1. Real men wear pink.
2. Dinosaurs are not birds.
3. Birds evolved from dinosaurs.
4. Some mammals are not predators.
5. Some predators are not mammals.
6. Not all who wander are lost.
7. All presidents are not women.
8. Boxers aren’t rich.
9. If someone is sleeping then they aren’t conscious.
10. If someone is conscious then they aren’t sleeping.
11. All’s well that ends well.
12. My friends are the only ones that care.
13. Someone loves you.
14. Jesus loves everyone.
15. Jesus loves the little children.
16. Some people don’t love Jesus.
17. Only pedestrians may use the Appalachian Trail.
18. Only citizens can be president.
19. Anyone who is a Hindu believes in God.
20. Anything that is cheap is no good.
21. Some expensive things are no good.
22. Not all mammals have legs.
23. There are couples without children.
24. There are no people who hate chocolate.
25. There are people who hate cats.
26. Nothing that is sharp is safe.
27. No poodle could run faster than a cheetah.
28. No professional runner is slow.
29. Baboons aren’t friendly.
30. Pigs will eat anything.
1. All real men are things that wear pink.
2. No dinosaurs are birds.
3. All birds are things that evolved from dinosaurs.
4. Some mammals are not predators. [Already in “Some S are not P” categorical form.]
5. Some predators are not mammals. [Already in “Some S are not P” categorical form.]
6. Some things that wander are not things that are lost.
7. No presidents are women.
8. No boxers are rich people.
9. No things that are sleeping are things that are conscious.
10.No things that are conscious are things that are sleeping.
11.All things that end well are things that are well. [Note that this is in a different order than the sentence states. However, if you think about the meaning of the cliché, it should be clear that this is the correct order. What is being said is that as long as something ends well, it is well. It is not saying that the only things that can be well are things that end well.]
12.All things that care are things that are my friends.
13.Some person is a person who loves you.
14.All people are people who are loved by Jesus.
15.All little children are people who are loved by Jesus.
16.Some people are people who don’t love Jesus.
17.All things that use the Appalachian Trail are pedestrians.
18.All presidents are citizens.
19.All Hindus are people who believe in God.
20.No cheap things are good things.
21.Some expensive things are not good things.
22.Some mammals are not things that have legs.
23.Some couples are couples without children.
24.No people are chocolate-haters.
25.Some people are cat-haters.
26.No sharp things are safe things.
27.No poodles are things that can run faster than a cheetah.
28.No professional runner is a person that runs slowly.
29.No baboons are friendly creatures.
30.All things are things that would be eaten by a pig.
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