A study followed charter school students to observe their progress over time. The researchers tried to figure out what would have happened if the students had not attended the charter school. This imaginary condition is called the

a. Counterfactual
b. Confounder
c. Common cause
d. Causal mechanism


a. Counterfactual

Political Science

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All U.S. intelligence agencies are under the direction of the _________

a. Central Intelligence Agency c. Director of National Intelligence b. Secretary of Defense d. President

Political Science

In the United States, some affluent suburbs are quite liberal, while poorer country dwellers are conservative. What does this suggest about Karl Marx's theories on class consciousness?

a. His prediction regarding the collapse of capitalism was inaccurate. b. His predictions regarding the impact of religion and propaganda were accurate. c. His prediction regarding the salience of social class for U.S. citizens was correct. d. His prediction regarding the salience of social class does not apply to the United States.

Political Science

How has the emerging idea of the “public as watchdog” impacted congressional oversight?

What will be an ideal response?

Political Science

Members of Congress who use reason, logic, and argument to build support for what they favor without having to modify their own position are engaging in _______

a. persuasion b. majority building c. bargaining d. command

Political Science