The nurse participating in a client care conference with other health team members is discussing the condition of a client with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
The physician states that because of fluid in the alveoli, surfactant production is falling. The nurse understands that the consequence of insufficient surfactant is: 1. Atelectasis and viral infection
2. Bronchoconstriction and stridor
3. Collapse of alveoli and decreased compliance
4. Decreased ciliary action and retained secretions
3
Rationale: Surfactant is a phospholipid produced in the lungs that decreases surface tension in the lungs. This prevents the alveoli from sticking together and collapsing at the end of exhalation. When alveoli collapse, the lungs become "stiff" due to decreased compliance. Common causes of decreased surfactant production are ARDS and atelectasis. Viral infection may be one reason a client develops atelectasis. "Atelectasis and viral infection," "bronchoconstriction and stridor," and "decreased ciliary action and retained secretions" are incorrect.
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