List and briefly define the three positions identified by Hochschild (1983) that employees can take toward their work
What will be an ideal response?
Over-identification: He or she may over-identify with the work that they are doing. This type of
worker does not see his or her work as acting.
Separation with guilt: Some workers will try to compensate for over-identification by separating
themselves from the work that they are doing. Although these workers make themselves less
likely burnout candidates, they often feel guilty over the gap between their ideal feelings and
their displayed feelings.
Estrangement: Workers can compensate for the costs of emotional labor by estranging
themselves from all levels of acting. The employee does risk losing a job since the job itself
calls for some form of acting. If over-identification means the employees are too much a part of
the job, these workers are too little a part of the job.
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The Internet and mobile digital devices have been a boon to authoritarian governments who want to maintain a tight rein on mass media and free speech in their countries
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
The ______ level of communication is characterized as how the content should be understood, particularly in terms of the relationship between the communicators.
A. punctuation B. grammatical C. relational D. individualistic
Which perspective of organizational thought believes tasks are completed by individuals and emphasizes collaboration, involvement, fulfillment, and interpersonal abilities?
a) Human behavior schoo b) Integrated perspectives c) Scientific management perspective d) Postmodern perspective
During Benjamin and Kyle's first team meeting, Benjamin thought Kyle was aloof and boring. Kyle, however, was very nervous being new to the company and kept to himself or very rarely gave any input
Now, Benjamin dismisses Kyle as a possibility for upper management believing him to be too introverted and dull. What illogical thinking has Benjamin become a victim of? a. allness b. polarization c. individuality d. indiscrimination