List and explain at least three patterns of inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: In disorders with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, anyone who carries one copy
of the allele has the disorder. Unless a new mutation is involved, every affected individual
has at least one affected parent. Because most affected individuals are heterozygotes (Aa)
with a homozygous recessive (unaffected) spouse (aa), each child has a 50% chance of being
affected. Because the trait is autosomal, the numbers of affected males and females are
roughly equal. Because most affected individuals are heterozygotes, two affected individuals
may have unaffected children. The phenotype in homozygous dominant individuals is often
more severe than the heterozygous phenotype.
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The last common ancestor of all bilaterians is thought to have had four Hox genes. Most extant cnidarians have two Hox genes, except Nematostella (of ?-catenin fame), which has three Hox genes. On the basis of these observations, some have proposed that the ancestral cnidarians were originally bilateral and, in stages, lost Hox genes from their genomes. If true, this would mean that _____.
A) the Radiata should be a true clade B) the radial symmetry of extant cnidarians is secondarily derived, rather than being an ancestral trait C) Hox genes play little actual role in coding for an animal's "body plan" D) the Cnidaria may someday replace porifera as the basal bilaterians B) the radial symmetry of extant cnidarians is secondarily derived, rather than being an ancestral
The signal recognition particle and its receptor on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum ensure that proteins destined for incorporation into cellular membranes or
for export from the cell are translated into the endoplasmic reticulum so they may be processed through the endomembrane system. If a mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional, what would likely be the most obvious effect on the cell? What if the mutation was on the signal recognition particle receptor? What will be an ideal response?
The cellular changes associated with long-term potentiation are localized to:
A. the postsynaptic cell. B. the presynaptic cell. C. both pre- and postsynaptic cells.
Please match the cell types with the statements that most accurately describe them to test your understanding of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses.
Contains nucleic acid A) Prokaryotic cells B) Eukaryotic cells C) Viruses D) Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells E) Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells and viruses