In an experiment on the effects of reinforcement on running speed, when a large reward that the rats had been receiving was changed to a medium reward, their performance declined to below a group that always received a medium reward. This is called:
a. negative contrast
b. positive contrast
c. diminishing reward effect
d. quality of reward effect
a
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Seven students reported the following individual earnings from their sale of wrapping paper: $7, $13, $3, $5, $2, $9, and $3 . In this distribution of individual earnings, the mean is _____ the mode and _____ the median
a. equal to; equal to b. greater than; equal to c. equal to; less than d. greater than; greater than
Research by Watson and Ramey studied infants' head movements in response to a
mobile. Their results underscored the role of __________ in early learning. a. physical activity b. visual acuity c. repeated trial-and-error d. eye-hand coordination e. contingency between behavior and environment
Children as young as 3 years of age can give personal narratives with classic structures in which a story leads up to a main event
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Henry has been drinking alcohol excessively for the last ten years. He lost his family and his job and is now homeless and depressed. Which of the following explains the link between Henry's behavioral problems and his current low socioeconomic status?
A. downward drift hypothesis B. negative reinforcement C. pleasure principle D. social causation model