A team of five counseling psychologists has recruited 40 adolescents to participate in a program designed relieve social anxiety. The adolescents are divided into five groups of eight participants each. If each group is
led by a different psychologist, in multilevel modeling, the psychologists would be
A) a lower-level variable.
B) an upper-level variable.
C) a dependent variable.
D) a confounding variable.
Answer: B
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According to social scientists, absolute poverty exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living; it is measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Without randomly assigning subjects, a researcher administers the experimental stimulus to the experimental group and then measures the dependent variable in both the experimental and comparison groups. This design is known as the
a. one-group pretest-posttest design. b. one-shot case study. c. static-group design. d. classical experimental design. e. posttest-only control group design.
The marriage of sports and the media is held together by vast amounts of corporate money and the desire of corporate executives to
A. become leaders of sport organizations. B. shape political policy. C. develop relationships with celebrity athletes. D. create a global family of eager consumers.
Most formal systems of social control primarily rely on __________.
A. reward B. anger C. coercion D. peers