List and briefly explain Mischel and Shoda's five cognitive-affective units.
What will be an ideal response?
A. Cognitive-affective units include a variety of psychological, social, and physiological aspects of personality and influence people to interact with their environment with a relatively stable pattern of variation. These units include people's (1) encoding strategies, (2) competencies and self-regulatory strategies, (3) expectancies and beliefs, (4) goals and values, and (5) affective responses.
B. Encoding strategies refer to people's ways of categorizing information from external stimuli. People process such external stimuli into personal constructs, including their self-concept, their view of other people, and their way of looking at the world.
C. Competencies refer to people's belief about what they can do in a given situation. Self-regulatory strategies permit people to control their own behavior through self-imposed goals and self-produced consequences.
D. People's expectancies and beliefs in any situation greatly influence how they will behave.
E. Self-formulated goals and subjective values help predict behavior in a specific situation. Two people with equal abilities and similar expectancies will behave differently depending on the value they place on success in a particular situation.
F. Affective responses include emotions, feelings, and physiological reactions. They combine with cognitions to form an interlocking cognitive-affective unit. In addition, they interact with each other to form the core of personality.
You might also like to view...
Brown and his colleagues (1993) found that peer pressure to ____ was stronger than peer pressure to ____
a. use drugs? achieve academically b. use drugs? engage in sexual activity c. achieve academically? use drugs d. engage in antisocial activity? engage in neutral activity
Ayse and Ali are discussing the causes of the high rate of depression among women. Ali points out how early childhood environment affects women's depression when they encounter stress later in life. On the other hand, Ayse thinks that higher rates of depression among women are solely due to oppression of women in a male-dominated society. Ali seems to adopt a __________ approach whereas Ayse seems to adopt a __________ approach to causes of depression.
A. biological; psychological B. diathesis-stress; psychological C. sociocultural; psychological D. diathesis-stress; sociocultural
Charlotte and Cullen are working together to make the biggest sandcastle the world has ever seen. This is an example of ___________ play
a. functional c. parallel b. cooperative d. associative
Amelia, a researcher, conducts a study and finds that teenage boys in the country of Bodonia prefer to date fair-skinned girls and keep their relationships confidential. Michael, Amelia's colleague, tries to reproduce her study to see if he gets the same result. In this scenario, Michael's act illustrates
A. the principle of confidentiality. B. deception. C. replication. D. natural selection.