Janice tends to engage in a great deal of negative self-talk in which she constantly "puts herself down.". To eliminate this negative self-talk, Janice sets aside time each day to deliberately think of the unwanted thought and then to shout "Stop!" aloud and with conviction. She will repeat this procedure 10 or 20 times for the first two or three days. Then, she will switch to shouting "Stop!" to
herself rather than aloud whenever these negative thoughts occur. Janice is using which procedure?
a. desensitization
b. covert sensitization
c. thought stopping
d. operant suppression
C
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John Calhoun, in the early 1990s, completed research on __________, from which he concluded that future animal research might be helpful in understanding __________.
A. humans; how crowded conditions affect reproductive abnormalities in humans B. mice: how crowded human conditions affect submissiveness C. chimpanzees; aggression in crowded human conditions D. rats; social and personal deviance in crowded human conditions
Instruction based on encouraging students to investigate and construct knowledge for themselves is called
a. recitation. b. rote learning. c. direct instruction. d. discovery learning.
Hartshorne and May's large-scale project applied this methodology to study children's moral behavior:
a. tempting children to lie/cheat/steal in various situations. b. surveying parents on their children's moral actions. c. interviewing children on their past moral behavior. d. compiling police data on juvenile delinquency.
When a child first learns to talk, the mother accepts "Wa-wa" for "water.". Later "wata" is accepted. Finally the mother requires the child to say "water." This is an example of:
a. reinforcement. b. modeling. c. shaping. d. incompatible behavior.