Lung expansion methods that increase the transpulmonary pressure gradients by increasing alve-olar pressure include which of the following?
1. Incentive spirometry (IS)
2. Positive end-expiration pressure therapy
3. Intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB)
4. Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP)
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: B
Positive-pressure lung expansion therapies may apply pressure during inspiration only (as in IPPB), during expiration only (as in positive expiratory pressure [PEP] and EPAP), or during both inspiration and expiration (CPAP).
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Translate the following:
Take Ax or R T p T&A
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What will be an ideal response?
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