In State v. Butler, the Supreme Court of Ohio was confronted with the question of whether the prosecution could use a non-Mirandized confession to impeach the credibility of a defendant who testifies in his or her own defense. The U.S. Supreme Court held in Miranda v. Arizona that the prosecution's use of statements of an accused made to police without prior warnings of his rights to remain
silent, to counsel, and to have appointed counsel if indigent was a violation of the accuser's right against self-incrimination. Justice Frankfurter, in writing the Miranda decision, which involved the use of a confession as part of the prosecution's case-in-chief, suggested that a non-Mirandized confession could be used on cross-examination by the prosecution if the defendant testified. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Justice Frankfurter's statement is not binding on the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Butler because it is dicta.
b. Justice Frankfurter's statement is not binding on the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Butler because a precedent set by the U.S. Supreme Court concerning the U.S. Constitution is not binding in Ohio state courts.
c. Justice Frankfurter's statement is not binding on the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Butler because Ohio courts can interpret the U.S. Constitution differently than the U.S. Supreme Court under the state's police power.
d. Justice Frankfurter's statement is binding on the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Butler even if it was a dissenting opinion in Miranda instead.
A
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Some states have a closed primary, which is when party members meet to select candidates.
a. true b. false
Ethical challenges that arise because of the use of mixed methods includes ______.
A. the mixing of roles that researchers have working with research participants B. the inability to identify which role should be used throughout the research C. that engaging as a researcher who collaborates with the participants being studied contrasts with being a researcher who see themselves as outside experts D. that the researcher has to choose among too many different roles to be able to conduct the research
The American Psychological Association identifies
A) research as the sole area to which ethical considerations apply. B) seventeen general principles of ethical behavior. C) five general ethical principles for psychologists. D) high fees as the major ethical issue in clinical treatment.
Which of the following would disagree with the practice of physician-assisted suicide?
a. liberals b. communitarians c. nativists d. conservatives e. individualists