Discuss the origins of dyslexia.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Theories of dyslexia focus on the ways in which sensory and neurological problems may contribute to the reading problems we find in dyslexic individuals. Genetic factors appear to be involved; from 25% to 65% of children who have one dyslexic parent are dyslexic themselves (Plomin et al., 2013a). About 40% of the siblings of children with dyslexia are dyslexic.Genetic factors may give rise to neurological problems or circulation problems in the left hemisphere of the brain (Shaywitz & Shaywitz, 2013). The circulation problems would result in oxygen deficiency. The part of the brain called the angular gyrus "translates" visual information, such as written words, into auditory information (sounds). Problems in the angular gyrus may give rise to reading problems by making it difficult for the reader to associate letters with sounds (Shaywitz & Shaywitz, 2013).Most researchers also focus on phonological processing. That is, dyslexic children may not discriminate sounds as accurately as other children do (Tanaka et al., 2011). As a result, b's and d's and p's may be hard to tell apart, creating confusion that impairs reading ability (Shaywitz & Shaywitz, 2013).
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Winnie is a supervisor of several employees. She believes that her employees, though happy on the job, could be producing more than they are. She decides to try to get them into their "zone of maximum performance potential." What is she going to have to do to accomplish this?
A. Increase their environmental press B. Increase their competence C. Increase their sense of continuity D. Encourage docility
If someone has damage to the supplementary motor area on one side, what will be the resulting effect on a behavior such as opening a jar?
A. Both hands will operate out of synch with each other. B. Both hands will mirror each other's actions instead of doing separate holding and twisting movements to open the jar. C. One hand will not participate in the task at all. D. The jar will be opened, but the hands will constantly shake during the task.
Jonathan is in a life-threatening emergency situation and needs help. Which of the following people is most likely to want to help him?
A) Dan, who is his close friend B) Shinobu, who is from a collectivistic culture C) Sheldon, who is a familiar co-worker D) Jeffrey, who is his brother
The presence of nicotine can be detected in the brain
A) ?as rapidly as 7 seconds after it is ingested by smoking. B) ?2 minutes after smoking, 1 minute after intravenous injection. C) ?not until 30 to 40 minutes after ingestion by smoking. D) ?of a person who smokes and of one who does not smoke.