Name the major parts of the GI system and tell what they do.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary.
1. Mouth: The teeth and the tongue work together to break food into small pieces.
2. Esophagus: The food then passes into the esophagus, the part of the GI tract that extends from the pharynx to the stomach. Chunks of food are pushed down the esophagus by peristaltic movements of the tube lining.
3. Stomach. The stomach is a gourd-shaped pouch that can expand to hold up to 2 quarts of food and liquid. After entering the stomach, food is churned around by muscles in the stomach wall and mixed with gastric juice.
4. Small Intestine: Digestive juices complete the process of breaking down food into molecules of protein, sugar, fat, minerals. The villi are responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.
5. Large intestine: Excess water is absorbed into the bloodstream, leaving undigested wastes.
6. Liver: Its role in the GI system is to secrete bile, a substance that aids in digesting fats. The liver stores nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. The liver also removes certain waste products from the blood, and it produces important substances for blood clotting and the immune system.
7. Pancreas: It produces digestive juices that complete the chemical changes that turn fats, proteins, and carbohydrates into particles that can be absorbed. The pancreas also secretes insulin, a hormone that regulates the amount of sugar used by the cells.
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