Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Cooley borrowed his notions of the “I” and “me” from psychiatrist Sigmund Freud.
2. Labeling theories became popular during the 1950s, a time of conformity and peace.
3. The naturalist approach embraced by labeling theorists is a challenge to earlier positivist approaches in criminology.
4. Labeling theorists are primarily interested in explaining individual criminality and tend to ignore dynamics around the emergence of criminal law.
5. According to labeling theorists, there are clear differences between criminals and noncriminals.


1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

Criminal Justice

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________ allows police to understand the "who, what, when, and where."

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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Considerable controversy surrounds the viability of pretend prison family structures

a. True b. False

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A frequent justification of community-based corrections is that they:

A. help reduce violence in prisons. B. lower the rate of decarceration. C. help to reintegrate offenders into society. D. help to rehabilitate offenders who are convicted of capital crimes.

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Which of the following is not true regarding consent?

A. During a paid occupancy, a hotel manager cannot give valid consent to enter or search the guest's room. B. In situations where police lack probable cause to arrest or search, valid consent may be the only means of conducting a search to obtain evidence. C. Consent obtained by someone who reasonably appears to have authority over the place to be searched may be deemed valid even if that person had no actual authority to authorize that consent D. Consent obtained during an unlawful detention may still be deemed valid if the prosecution can prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the police were unaware of the fact that the detention was unlawful.

Criminal Justice