When caring for a critically ill patient, the nurse is aware that fever causes an increase in energy expenditure. Based on this knowledge, she adjusts the energy expenditure calculation for every 1 degree F by:
1. 15%.
2. 12%.
3. 7%.
4. 5%.
3
Rationale: Fever causes elevated energy expenditure as the body responds with increased heart rate and respirations. The clinical nutrition practice is to increase the energy expenditure calculation by 7% for each 1 degree F that the temperature is elevated to compensate for this increase. This has been shown to be especially helpful for an already critically ill patient with altered metabolic needs because of illness.
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