Describe the role of psychological factors in the effects of drugs on users
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
Exposure to stress or trauma increases a person’s vulnerability to drug dependence. Learning, specifically classical conditioning can also play a role. Environmental stimuli such as where a drug is taken or whether drug paraphernalia are present become associated with drug taking and later trigger the craving for the drug sensation. Even cognitions play a role in a drug’s effects. If you expect a drug to alter your behavior in a particular way, you are more likely to change your behavior to fit your expectations.?
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Nikki is actively processing slides of paintings in an art history class. Physiologically, this activity:
a. would be occurring only in her visual sensory system, corresponding to sensory memory b. would be occurring only in those parts of the brain related to long-term memory c. may rely on the same brain mechanisms as visual perception d. may be occurring in her sensory and long-term systems, bypassing working memory
To be happy
A. Ignore your problems B. Make happiness a priority C. Ignore other people
While __________ are general rules that apply to members of a group, ___________ are guidelines that apply to specific positions within the group
A) conformity rules; obedience rules B) obedience rules; conformity rules C) social roles; social norms D) social norms; social roles
Professor Lee wants to examine the effects of two different teaching methods on student
performance. She uses the first method of teaching in her 1st-year introductory course and the second method in her 2nd-year advanced course. She finds that student performances are better in the advanced class than in the introductory class. She concludes that the second teaching method is superior. What is the problem with her conclusion? a. The variables had invalid operational definitions. b. There was no control group for comparison. c. The presentation of teaching materials was not counterbalanced. d. Interrater reliability in measuring student performance was low. e. There is a confounding of students' year in school with teaching methods.