One of the margin notes in Chapter 12 mentions that B’ is almost always negative. When would B’ be a positive value?

A. When the repulsive interactions in a system outweigh the attractive interactions.
B. When the system approaches the ideal gas state.
C. For systems that show strong hydrogen bonding.
D. B’ can never be a positive value.
E. None of the above.


A. Correct. When repulsive forces outweigh attractive forces (such as when the system is at very high pressure), B’ can be a positive value.
B. Incorrect. As the system approaches the ideal gas state, the molecules are far apart and the attractive interactions will outweigh the repulsive interactions.
C. Incorrect. Hydrogen bonding is an attractive interaction, so this would tend to make B’ more negative.
D. Incorrect. B’ can become positive.
E. Incorrect. One of the answers is correct.

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