Most apparent acts of altruism in the animal kingdom have proved, on closer inspection, to be not truly altruistic. Instead, they have evolved as a consequence of either _______________ or ________________.

a. kin selection; inclusive fitness
b. reproductive investment; reciprocal altruism
c. competition; courtship
d. kin selection; reciprocal altruism
e. monogamy; polygamy


Ans: d. kin selection; reciprocal altruism

Biology & Microbiology

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