The nurse, caring for an elderly patient, realizes that aging adults are at higher risk for development of heart failure because of which changes? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected
Select all that apply. 1. Impaired diastolic filling
2. Increased cardiac reserve
3. Increased maximal heart rate
4. Reduced ventricular compliance
5. High responsiveness to sympathetic nervous system stimulation
1,4
Rationale 1: Impaired diastolic filling occurs due to decreased ventricular compliance.
Rationale 2: With aging, cardiac function is less responsive to increased stress because cardiac reserve decreases.
Rationale 3: Maximal heart rate is reduced.
Rationale 4: Ventricular compliance tends to diminish with aging.
Rationale 5: The heart becomes less responsive to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
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