To achieve maximum benefit in exposure therapy,
a. the duration of exposures should be short rather than long.
b. exposures should not provoke anxiety.
c. the client should be directed to attend as little as possible to the feared stimulus.
d. exposure should be graduated, starting with stimuli that evoke low levels of anxiety and moving up.
D
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Olivia grew up in a society where mourners pull out their hair, go into an emotional frenzy, and speak in tongues. On a visit to the United States, she did these things in public when she heard that a relative had died. According to DSM-5, her behavior wo
a. psychopathological, because of her personal distress. b. not psychopathological, because it is part of her culture. c. psychopathological, because it disrupted her social functioning. d. not psychopathological, because it caused no disruption in social functioning.
What did Freud believe that the ego does?
A. operates on a completely unconscious level B. acts as a buffer between the desires of the id and the constraints of the real world C. was under the direct control of the id D. is the seat of conscience, or ethical principles of right and wrong
According to Horney, neurotic needs are:
a. irrational defenses against anxiety. b. spontaneous and seemingly purposeless behaviors. c. the innate needs to understand and overcome difficulties. d. consciously planned aspects of behavior.
Research shows that there is often a strong association between feeling negative emotions and overeating. However, this association does NOT occur ____
a. among people with binge eating disorders b. among people who regularly binge eat (regardless of whether or not people have a binge eating disorder) c. unless people are overweight or obese d. unless people believe that eating will make them feel better