List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged blood vessel
What will be an ideal response
1 ) Vascular spasm occurs when circularly arranged smooth muscles in arteriole walls contract to reduce blood loss. 2 ) Platelet plug formation starts when platelets making contact with collagen fibers from a damaged vessel. This will initiate a series of reactions, which leads to platelet activation and the release of their vesicular content that ultimately attracts more platelets to the area, eventually leading to the formation of a plug over the damaged area. 3 ) Blood clotting involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions following platelet plug formation. The clot enables the damaged vessel to heal and repair properly.
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Which of the following statements about nephrons is TRUE?
A. Their large surface area inhibits their function. B. They are the fundamental functional units of the kidney. C. Several tiny nephrons have a surface area the size of one large nephron. D. Nephrons consist of afferent and efferent arterioles.
The first vestiges of eyes in the embryo are called ________
A) optic vesicles B) mesenchyme C) optic discs D) optic cups
The advantage of shivering over other forms of muscle activity (like running) as a means of thermogenesis is
a. shivering increases ATP use and heat production without increasing heat loss due to convection. b. with shivering all the energy expended is released as heat since no work is done. c. shivering increases ATP use and heat production without increasing heat loss due to conduction. d. shivering increases ATP use and heat production without increasing heat loss by either convection or conduction. e. all of these.
The expanded end of the nephron is the
A) renal corpuscle. B) nephron loop. C) PCT. D) glomerulus. E) DCT.