A molecular clock is based on which of the following genetic conditions?
1.The stability of essential genes being highly conserved across species.
2.The common use of genes and proteins over very long time periods.
3.Accumulation of neutral mutations in a lineage.
4.Large biochemical changes within a species.
3
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Engelmann's experiment demonstrated that ________
a. bacteria seek specific colors of light when cooled below certain temperatures b. plant cells produce different amounts of oxygen when illuminated by different colors of light c. green light is the most effective at promoting plant growth in greenhouses d. photosynthetic bacterial cells seek specific colors of light for optimum ATP production
The mechanoreceptors that detect the stretch of tendons and relaxation of muscles are known as
a) proprioceptors b) chemoreceptors c) nociceptors d) thermoreceptors
Development of drug resistance is encouraged by
A. use of two drugs simultaneously with the hope that each will prevent the emergence of resistance to the other. B. widespread use of broad-spectrum drugs. C. using drugs appropriate for the infectious agent being treated. D. avoidance of indiscriminate use of drugs. E. use of a high enough concentration of the drug to destroy any spontaneous resistant mutants that might arise.
For processes such as those in the figure that can take thousands of years, how can we know that succession can occur in this way?
A) via carbon dating B) via chronosequences C) via long-term studies D) via the phytoplankton community