Which statement indicates to the nurse that the patient understands his blurred vision caused by astigmatism?
A) "Light focuses in front of my retina making far objects blurry."
B) "My eye has an elliptical shape making objects blurry."
C) "Light focus behind my retina, making near objects blurry."
D) "I need reading glasses to read."
B) "My eye has an elliptical shape making objects blurry."
Explanation: A) Myopia, or nearsightedness, is caused by an eye that has a long axial length. Light entering a "long eye" focuses short of the retina, making distant objects blurry while leaving vision for near objects unaffected.
B) In astigmatism, the eye has an elliptical shape rather than a spherical shape; as a result, light focuses on two different points in the eye. Astigmatic refractive errors can make objects both far away and up close appear blurry.
C) Hyperopia, or farsightedness, results when an eye has a short axial length, causing light to focus "behind" the retina. Individuals with hyperopia have difficulty seeing near objects clearly but can see objects at distance relatively well.
D) Presbyopia develops when the ciliary muscle that controls the shape of the lens is no longer able to function properly, resulting in a decline in the accommodative (focusing) ability. Presbyopia results in difficulty viewing objects, such as reading materials, at close range.
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