Observed genotypic frequencies in populations rarely match Hardy-Weinberg expectations exactly

Why is this so, and how do scientists determine if the frequencies they observe depart from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to a biologically meaningful degree?


There will always be chance deviations in observed data owing to sampling error or the random element of the mating process. Statistical testing is used to compute the probability of observing a given level of discrepancy between observed and expected values. The chi-square test is most often applied to these kinds of genetic data.

Biology & Microbiology

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a. heroin. b. cocaine. c. codeine. d. amphetamine. e. serotonin.

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As large tracts of rain forest disappear due to human activities, the region tends to become drier. Why?

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology