Proper cross-matching of blood type is essential for safe blood transfusion
What is the general rule for safe blood transfusion, and what are the consequences if a patient receives the incorrect blood type by accident? If a patient's blood type is unknown, what is the safest course of action?
The general rule for safe blood transfusion is that the recipient blood must not contain an antibody that reacts with an antigen in the donated blood. When such a reaction occurs, blood clots produced by clumping blood cells form at the site of transfusion. The clots block circulation, deprive tissues of oxygen, and can potentially cause life-threatening complications. Thus, if a patient's blood type is not known, they are given type O-negative blood because it contains no antigens for the patient's own blood to react with.
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