Explain how glomerular filtration rate is autoregulated. Include the following in your answer : myogenic, macula densa, granular cells, juxtaglomerular apparatus, nitric oxide, ATP, and adenosine
What will be an ideal response?
When blood pressure increases above normal, the afferent arteriole undergoes spontaneous constriction known as a myogenic response, thus decreasing the amount of blood entering the glomerulus and reducing the GFR. In addition, when GFR is too high, the filtrate moves faster through the nephron and fewer solutes are reabsorbed. The higher solute content in the distal tubule causes the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) to secrete ATP and adenosine, which cause constriction of the afferent arteriole. When GFR is too low, the filtrate moves slowly and allows more solutes to be reabsorbed. This causes the JGA to secrete nitric oxide and less ATP and adenosine; the result is vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and an increase in GFR.
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