It's a very hot summer day and Ai is sweating in her apartment. She turns on the air-conditioning and right away her apartment gets cooler. Ai is now more likely to turn on the AC when she is hot to reduce her discomfort; this is an example of
A. positive reinforcement.
B. negative reinforcement.
C. punishment.
D. a penalty.
Answer: B
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Regarding concepts, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. People often apply probabilities when categorizing concepts. b. Cognitive psychologists classify concepts as either logical or natural. c. Most of the concepts we use in everyday life are natural concepts. d. Compared to logical concepts, natural concepts have more clearly defined rules for membership. e. Natural concepts have poorly defined or fuzzy rules for membership.
While visiting the People's Republic of China last summer, Suzi bought a hat. When she paid the storekeeper, he displayed a pattern of facial movements that we would call a smile. The Chinese storekeeper was probably
A. happy about the sale. B. in a bad mood. C. fearful at seeing a foreigner. D. None of the above
Which of the following was one of the findings in testing the principle of conservation?
A) To Piaget's surprise, four-year-old children recognized that a ball of clay rolled into a sausage shape still had the same amount of clay. B) A five-year-old child was able to recognize that when a subordinate class of objects is placed together with a larger class of the same type of object, the whole was larger than either group. C) Six- and seven-year-olds recognized that a ball of clay rolled into a sausage shape still had the same amount of clay. D) Piaget found that his research worked best if he used the same types of objects and asked the same questions of all of the children that he studied.
Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of extraversion?
A. Ethan, who has a lighthearted chat with all the members of his choir group B. Archie, who maintains a good romantic relationship with his girlfriend C. Patrick, who displays superior cognitive functioning and IQ D. Julius, who always dresses neatly but not very stylishly