List the dietary principles for a patient on hemodialysis
In order to keep the patient free of cardiovascular/pulmonary complications, fluid, Na, and K are restricted. Phosphorus is either restricted or treated with medications. Proteins are restricted to prevent blood toxins from accumulating but kcals are increased by increasing CHO and fat.
Energy: normal wt = 35 kcals/kg; obese = 20-30 kcals/kg of IBW (IBW could be replaced with RBW or both could be calculated); underweight = 40 - 45 kcals/kg of IBW
Protein = 1.1 - 1.4 g/kg of IBW; Na = 2 - 3 g/d; K = 50 - 80 mEq; Phos = 800 - 1300 mg/d; Fluids = 750 cc + amount of urine output/d.
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Which of the following activities are known to have a positive effect on the immune function of older adults? (Select all that apply.)
A) Careful control of chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. B) Adherence to a healthy diet that emphasizes fruits and vegetables. C) Annual pneumococcal and hepatitis vaccinations. D) Use of relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation. E) Performance of physical exercise to stimulate the release of cortisol.
A patient lives on the streets with no known address. He has been scheduled for a return visit to complete his immunization record. How should the nurse handle this patient's injections, since she knows that the patient might not return?
1. Give the most important injection first. 2. Give several injections at different sites. 3. Set up a local site and meet the patient there. 4. Have the mission call when the patient comes in to eat.
Which of the following should the nurse suggest to help a person who snores during sleep?
a. Ingest alcohol before sleeping c. Engage in activity before bedtime b. Practice singing d. Suggest the person sleep on their back
A nursing instructor is preparing a class about rural cultures and the influence on mental health problems. Which of the following would the instructor include as affecting the use of mental health services for this group? Select all that apply
A) Limited access to care B) Lack of available resources C) Geographic similarities D) Diverse cultural groups E) Consistency in treatment approaches