Explain the six substages in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Substage 1-Infants use primarily reflexive behavior.
2. Substage 2-Infants begin to engage in voluntary behavior over which they have control, specifically actions involving the re-creation of a bodily sensation (primary circular reaction).
3. Substage 3-Infants engage in behavior that seeks to create or reproduce events in the external world (secondary circular reaction).
4. Substage 4-Infants coordinate or chain together two secondary circular reactions in order to achieve little goals, such as picking up a cup in order to see what is inside.
5. Substage 5-Infants engage in alternative behaviors when their first attempt to solve a problem does not work (trial-and-error problem solving). In addition, they intentionally vary their behavior to observe the effect on the environment (little experiments).
6. Substage 6-Infants are able to form symbolic mental representations of actions or objects and can work out the sequence of actions to solve a problem mentally, without using trial-and-error attempts.
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After the discussion of the research on mental imagery, your textbook re-examines the analog viewpoint of imagery. According to this discussion,
a. the analog viewpoint is no longer appropriate, because the majority of research supports the propositional viewpoint. b. the research allows us to conclude that mental imagery operates exactly the same way that perception operates. c. mental imagery is somewhat similar to perception, and these two processes activate similar structures in the cortex. d. both the analog viewpoint and the propositional viewpoint are inconsistent with the current research, so that a new model needs to be developed.
According to sociocultural theory, learning can be either active or passive
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Which progression represents the correct sequence of Erik Erikson’s childhood stages of psychosocial development??
a. ?autonomy, industry, initiative, trust b. ?trust, autonomy, initiative, industry c. ?initiative, trust, autonomy, industry d. ?industry, initiative, trust, autonomy
This symptom of schizophrenia includes the pathological imitation and repetition of another person's movements. What is this called?
a. Echolalia b. Echopraxia c. Tardive dyskensia d. Palilalia