When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided to train raccoons to drop tokens into a piggy bank, they found that _____
A) food was not an effective reinforcer for the raccoons, and so learning didn't occur
B) when given edible roots as reinforcers, the raccoons learned the task in less than ten trials
C) the raccoons displayed instinctive drift by rubbing the coins together, dropping them, and rubbing them together again.
D) the raccoons showed intrinsic interest in the task and so reinforcement was unnecessary.
Incorrect. Reinforcement was necessary to make the behaviors occur.
Answer: C
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The kappa statistic is used to
a. assess the level of agreement among several observers. b. estimate the correlation between a continuous variable and an artificially dichotomous variable. c. estimate the percentage of disagreement between observers. d. estimate the validity of behavioral observation.
Hersey and Blanchard's leadership model
A. Requires the assessment of the employee and the task B. Requires the assessment of the leader and the situation C. Requires the assessment of your employee and the leader
Why is the average IQ equal to 100?
(a) that is just the nature of intelligence; it could not be otherwise (b) all normal distributions have an average of 100 (c) it is just a lucky accident; it could have come out any way (d) Binet originally used a ratio, MA/CA, defined so that the mean MA had to equal the mean CA. That ratio was then multiplied by 100. Today, test scores are statistically adjusted so that average performance is set equal to 100.
Research suggests that there may be some genetic contribution to the development of many anxiety disorders, but other studies have found that __________ is/are primarily caused by environmental rather than genetic factors
a. panic attacks b. generalized anxiety disorder c. phobias d. obsessive-compulsive disorder