When the fetal shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close after birth, or reopens after closure has occurred, it is known as:
a. Congestive heart failure
b. Patent ductus arteriosus
c. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
d. Intraventricular hemorrhage
ANS: B
The fetal shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta is the ductus arteriosus. Because of the underdeveloped musculature or hypoxia, there may be an incomplete closure of the ductus arteriosus (patent ductus arteriosus [PDA]) in the preterm newborn. When the ductus remains open, left-to-right shunting of the blood in the heart occurs because of the added load placed on the left ventricle of the heart. This results in pulmonary congestion and increased hypoxia.
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