A meta-analysis has summarized 66 studies (39 that measured supervisor aggression) that examined the effects of supervisor aggression, co-worker aggression, and outsider aggression on the work-related attitudes of employees. This study found
a. that surprisingly, supervisor aggression had no impact on employee welfare or job satisfaction, perhaps because employees expect leaders to be aggressive
b. when comparing co-worker to supervisor aggression, the supervisor aggression had the strongest negative effects on employees’ job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job performance
c. when comparing co-worker to supervisor aggression, the co-worker aggression had the strongest negative effects on employees’ job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job performance
d. co-worker and supervisor aggression were equal in their negative effects on employees’ job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job performance
b. when comparing co-worker to supervisor aggression, the supervisor aggression had the strongest negative effects on employees’ job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job performance
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