Which of these physiologic changes occur during the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
a. cool, pale skin; shivering; and perspiration of the hands and soles of the feet
b. loss of equilibrium, tinnitus, and hypertension
c. physical exhaustion, tachypnea, and shortness of breath
d. tachycardia, hyperventilation, and nausea and vomiting
A
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of three stages: alarm or crisis, adaptation or resistance (fight or flight), and exhaustion. In the alarm or crisis stage, the body experiences physiologic changes such as shivering, sweating palms and soles of feet, and cool, pale skin. Intense stress produces changes such as dilated pupils, dry mouth, pounding heart, nausea, and diarrhea.
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