The exact causes of inflammatory bowel diseases continue to be explored, but it is relatively clear that:
A. it is equally common among people of all ages and racial groups within the population.
B. it is likely to result from a combination of environmental and genetic factors.
C. individuals suffering from its effects are largely experiencing the consequences of the absence of immune mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract.
D. it can be easily diagnosed since its symptoms are always very specific and the affected areas are always limited to a very focused area within the small intestine.
E. the cause is allergy to a single particular food, and patients get immediate relief by simply not eating that food.
B
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The second cervical vertebra is called the
A) primum. B) atlas. C) axis. D) cervix. E) apex.
Two important passive processes for membrane transport are ________
A) pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis B) facilitated diffusion and active transport C) exocytosis and phagocytosis D) diffusion and filtration
Interleukin 1 and interferons act as
A. defervescents and trigger a decrease of body temperature. B. defervescents and trigger an elevation of body temperature. C. pyrogens and trigger an elevation of body temperature. D. pyrogens and trigger a decrease of body temperature.
The ________ cells release antibodies to destroy cells that carry non-self antigens
A) B-lymphocytic B) Natural killer C) T-lymphocytic D) Mast