Manifestations of childhood renal disease are varied and may differ from adult-onset renal failure. A school-aged child with chronic kidney disease may exhibit:
A) Low IQ level with borderline retardation
B) Developmental delays such as uncoordinated gait and minimal fine motor skills
C) Inability to control bladder, resulting in incontinence
D) Frequent, uncontrolled rolling of the tongue and opening mouth extremely wide
Ans: B
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Childhood chronic kidney disease is manifested by growth and developmental delays and late onset sexual maturity as a result of the uremic effects on endocrine function, bone abnormalities, and development of psychosocial problems. Renal failure is unrelated to the ability of children to have control of urine or bowel elimination. Intelligence is not affected by renal failure, although renal encephalopathy may affect behavior.
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