The idea of a police "subculture" originated with a 1950 study by:

A) William Westley
B) O. W. Wilson
C) J. Edgar Hoover
D) August Vollmer


Answer: A) William Westley

Criminal Justice

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Standard probation:

A) has several stringent conditions. B) is the same as shock incarceration. C) is unconditional. D) consists of a mixed sentence followed by jail as a condition of probation.

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During the __________ phase of police trauma syndrome, the officer attempts to deal with stress through the use of defense mechanisms like reaction-formation

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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David Berkowitz, the "Son of Sam" who killed three people, was caught because he was driving a vehicle without a license plate

a. True b. False

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There are more than ________ times as many drug-law arrests as there are for all types of major violent crimes.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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