The nurse is assessing a client with congestive heart failure for edema. Which areas are best to assess for pitting edema? (Select all that apply.)
a. forehead d. ankles
b. arms e. legs
c. hands f. sacrum
B, C, D, E, F
The main symptom of fluid volume excess is edema. It may be confined to a specific area (localized) or occur throughout the body (generalized). The skin is taut, shiny, smooth, and pale in localized edema. Assess and palpate edematous areas for color, tenderness, and temperature. Firmly press your thumb against the edematous area or a dependent portion of the client's body (hands, arms, feet, ankles, legs, or sacrum) for 5 seconds.
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