Which kind of analysis would be used to compare the costs of renal dialysis for a patient for 10 years to the costs of renal transplantation?
a. cost-minimization analysis
b. cost-effective analysis
c. cost-utility analysis
d. cost-benefit analysis
a
a. Correct: Cost-minimization analysis is used when two approaches or programs are known to have essentially the same results or outcomes. This form of evaluation is done to compare the costs and determine the approach that uses the fewest health care resources.
b. Incorrect: Cost-effective analysis can be used when approaches or programs have the same kind of outcome of interest.
c. Incorrect: Cost-utility analysis examines outcomes using a generic measure that enables comparison between alternative approaches to a health program.
d. Incorrect: Cost-benefit analysis involves comparing costs and benefits in monetary units. The results of the analysis may be expressed as a ratio of costs to benefits, or as a net benefit or net loss sum from choosing one program over another.
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Which of the following statements best describes the advocate role of the nurse in restorative care?
a. As an advocate, the practical nurse uses his or her power and influence to promote an environment that supports the goals of restorative care b. As an advocate, the practical nurse intervenes when family members do not support the plan of care c. As an advocate, the practical nurse confronts the interdisciplinary team when their goals do not address their advocacy role d. As an advocate, the practical nurse develops an adversarial role with the interdisciplinary team
A normal Babinski response in an adult male is
A) plantar flexion of toes. B) plantar extension of toes. C) palmar flexion of fingers. D) palmar extension of fingers.
A clinical specialist supervises therapy for a 26-year-old African American client originally from Haiti who was admitted for depression. A staff nurse tells the clinical specialist that " The client can't seem to express her feelings when I ask about them. She just looks down.". The nurse adds, "But I've seen her talking to a young African American client, and she seems quite spontaneous.". What remark by the clinical specialist would help the staff nurse develop cultural competence?
a. "Why not ask the other client to tell you what your client tells him. Once you have an opening, your client will become more spontaneous with you.". b. "Don't take it personally. African Americans often have a resentful attitude that takes weeks to overcome.". c. " She may have difficulty communicating her feelings in standard English. Have you considered using a cultural translator?" d. "Most African Americans depend on the African American church for support. Why not ask her pastor to come in to pray with the two of you for the success of her treatment?"
Nurses must administer sodium bicarbonate with caution to clients with hypertension to avoid which adverse effect?
1. Respiratory acidosis 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Retention of fluid 4. Unexpected diuresis