Which information should the nurse include in a teaching plan about cortisol for a patient who is HIV-positive?
A) Chronically high levels of cortisol accelerate immune decline.
B) Cortisol levels that are lowest in the morning boost the immune response.
C) A flattened cortisol circadian pattern indicates a healthy immune system.
D) Low cortisol levels are associated with the development of AIDS.
A) Chronically high levels of cortisol accelerate immune decline.
Explanation: A) Elevated cortisol levels predict accelerated immune decline and development of AIDS in individuals who are HIV-positive.
B) HIV-infected individuals display physiologic changes that are consistent with chronic elevations of resting levels of cortisol, as evidenced by muted cortisol responsivity (due to downregulated receptors), and a flattened cortisol circadian rhythm. Cortisol is secreted in a circadian pattern, with high levels in the morning that decrease to low levels at bedtime. Elevated cortisol levels predict accelerated immune decline.
C) HIV-infected individuals display physiologic changes that are consistent with chronic elevations of resting levels of cortisol, as evidenced by muted cortisol responsivity (due to downregulated receptors), and a flattened cortisol circadian rhythm. Cortisol is secreted in a circadian pattern, with high levels in the morning that decrease to low levels at bedtime. Elevated cortisol levels predict accelerated immune decline.
D) Elevated cortisol levels predict accelerated immune decline and development of AIDS in individuals who are HIV-positive.
You might also like to view...
Mr. T., a 70-year-old client on the acute care floor, was diagnosed with Crohn's disease during this admission. Prior to discharge the nurse completed a nutritional assessment with the client and his wife
She explained about the risk for developing malnutrition due to malabsorption of dietary nutrients. She suggested including green leafy vegetables, whole grains, seeds, and nuts to increase the intake of: 1. Magnesium. 2. Copper. 3. Iron. 4. Zinc.
The student nurse hears in a hand-off report that an adult client's respirations were eupnea on the night shift. Based on this information what respiratory rate best reflects tachypnea?
A) 8–10 breaths per minute B) 12–18 breaths per minute C) 20–24 breaths per minute D) 25–35 breaths per minute
A patient has talked constantly throughout the group therapy session, often repeating the same comments. Other members were initially attentive then became bored, inattentive, and finally sullen. Which comment by the nurse leader would be most effective?
a. Say to everyone, "Most of you have become quiet. I wonder if it might be related to concerns you may have about how the group is progressing today." b. Say to everyone, "One person has done most of the talking. I think it would be helpful for everyone to say how that has affected your experience of the group." c. Say to everyone, "I noticed that as our group progressed, most members became quiet, then disinterested, and now seem almost angry. What is going on?" d. Say to the talkative patient, "You have been doing most of the talking, and others have not had a chance to speak as a result. Could you please yield to others now?"
Which hepatitis virus is most commonly known to be sexually transmitted?
a. A b. B c. C d. D