What is a confounding variable?

a. A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.
b. A variable that affects the outcome being measured as well as or instead of
the independent variable.
c. A variable that has not been measured.
d. A variable that is made up only of categories.


b. A variable that affects the outcome being measured as well as or instead of
the independent variable.

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What added dimension do rubrics allow teachers and students?

a. To collect data quickly and easily c. To provide a technology link b. To determine gradations in quality d. To write essays

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_______ is most likely in preschool, while ________ is most likely in middle childhood

A) Symbolic play; rule-based game play B) Rule-based game play; practice play C) Practice play; symbolic play D) Practice play; Rule-based game play

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Five elements teachers can use to modify instruction include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. what teachers teach B. how teachers teach C. what students are expected to learn D. how classrooms are designed E. all are elements teachers can use

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_______ describes the average score for each variable in a dependent-samples t-test.

a. Mean b. Variance c. Standard deviation d. Standard error

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