In writing the majority opinion in United States v. Windsor (2013), on what constitutional principle did Justice Kennedy base the decision to overturn the Defense of Marriage Act?

A. the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection guarantees
B. the First Amendment's protection of freedom of association
C. the Fifth Amendment's protections against the deprivation of equal liberty
D. the Tenth Amendment's reserve power protections


Answer: C

Political Science

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Among recent vice presidents, which of the following is best known for expanding the powers of this executive institution?

a. Gerald Ford b. Harry Truman c. Dick Cheney d. Joe Biden

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With the economic crisis of the early 1990s, Yeltsin sought to bolster his own position by buying the support of regional leaders, giving them virtually anything they asked for. What was the effect of such a stance on Russian federalism?

A. Under Yeltsin, the central government came to dominate the sub-national units, resulting in an unusual degree of political centralization for a federal system of such size and diversity. B. Local autonomy was completely abolished. C. The power of the Russian central government was restored. D. Under Yeltsin, Russian federalism trended toward decentralization in which some regions enjoyed more autonomy than others. E. Yeltsin appointed new officials to take control of regional federal agencies.

Political Science

By comparison with the Court of the mid-1930s, the Supreme Court of today is

a. less likely to invalidate a federal tax designed chiefly as a regulatory measure. b. more likely to invalidate a federal tax designed chiefly as a regulatory measure. c. less likely to recognize broad national legislative power. d. more likely to strike down state economic regulations.

Political Science