Are "mind reading vs. manipulation" and "costly signaling" mutually exclusive explanations for the evolution of honest signals?

a. Yes, subtle unintentional cues are, by definition, not costly signals.
b. No, once a subtle cue becomes a "handle," it could be selected to become a costly signal.
c. Yes, by deceiving the receiver with a certain cue, the sender avoids the costs of producing a costly honest signal.
d. No, both are cases of antagonistic coevolution.


B

Biology & Microbiology

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