Describe a standard test that a developmentalist might use to determine whether an infant has attained object permanence. Why might the test not work? Use your answer to explain why some of Piaget's findings have been challenged by other researchers
What will be an ideal response?
Look for answers that describe a standard test (toy under blanket, dish behind furniture
or tester's back), and note factors that would influence success that Piaget did not
consider, such as the child's motivation to search and familiarity with the objects used.
Mention might also be made of memory, a factor Piaget does not discuss.
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What is meant by selective attrition? a. Some participants fail to answer all the questions on a survey
b. Some participants respond to demand characteristics, and others don't. c. Those who volunteer for a study may be unrepresentative of the population. d. Some participants quit before the study finishes.
A child using the one-to-one principle to count would always begin counting starting with the number one
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Learned helplessness was originally viewed as a product of _____. Current theory proposes that it is _____ that determines helplessness
a. cognitive interpretation; conditioning b. pessimistic explanatory style; behavior disengagement c. conditioning; cognitive interpretation d. behavior disengagement; pessimistic explanatory style
According to psychodynamic theorists, defence mechanisms are _____ because they _____.
A) negative; encourage us to engage ineffectively with the outside world B) ineffective; sometimes work and sometimes do not C) negative; prevent us from immediately dealing with the truth of situations D) useful; help us overcome anxiety