Define the terms hibernation and estivation. How are they similar and how do they differ?
Hedgehogs in the wild that are found in cold climates survive the winter's cold temperatures by going into
a state of hibernation. During hibernation, the animal's heartbeat drops by 90 percent; its body temperature
declines; and respiration is reduced. This is a tremendous savings in energy requirements. The animal is
sustained during hibernation by fat reserves that it stores in its body during warmer weather.
Estivation is similar to hibernation, but not as intense. Hedgehogs that are found in hot, dry climates with
reduced food supplies will go into a state of estivation. The animals seek out a cool hiding place. An animal
in a state of estivation will have a reduced metabolic rate, but not to the low levels that occur with animals in
hibernation. Animals in estivation may wake and exit their hiding place on a regular basis.
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