Defense mechanisms are produced by the
a. superego.
b. ego.
c. id.
d. personal unconscious.
B
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Therapies that are judged to have demonstrated effectiveness in scientifically based studies are called
a. substantiated treatments. b. eclectic treatments. c. scientific therapies. d. meta-analyzed treatments. e. empirically supported treatments.
Negative punishment procedures involve the ____________ following the occurrence of a problem behavior
a. removal of an aversive stimulus b. removal of a reinforcing stimulus c. presentation of a reinforcing stimulus d. presentation of an aversive event
Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory have been challenged by new research?
a. his idea that some part of the human mind is unconscious and yet plays an important role in shaping human behavior b. his proposition that development proceeds through a series of stages c. his idea that critical events during the first years of life help shape adult personality d. his portrayal of the elementary school years as free from sexuality and unimportant for personality development
When judging potential "harm," a researcher should consider:
a. physical harm. b. psychological harm. c. harm to the usefulness of the experimental results. d. physical harm and psychological harm.