The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). The nurse recognizes that symptoms of MS are caused by which of the following pathophysiological changes?
a. Myelin buildup in the central nervous system
b. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficiency
c. Reduced acetylcholine receptors with impaired nerve impulse transmission
d. Demyelination and destruction of nerve fibers
ANS: D
In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheath begins to break down (degenerate) as a result of the activation of the body's immune system. The nerve becomes inflamed and edematous. Nerve impulses to the muscles slow down. As the disease progresses, sclerosis or scar tissue damages the nerve. Myelin does not build up. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine receptors are damaged in myasthenia gravis.
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